Monday, December 22, 2008

Diary Of a Young Wife

Diary Of a Young Wife

Monday:
Now home from honeymoon and settled in our new home.
It's fun to cook for Tim. Today I made an angel food cake and the recipe said, "beat 12 eggs separately." Well, I didn't have enough bowls to do that, so I had to borrow 12 bowls to beat the eggs in. The cake turned out fine though.

Tuesday:

We wanted a fruit salad for supper. The recipe said, "serve without dressing." So I didn't dress. But Tim happened to bring a friend home for supper that night. They both looked so startled when I served them, I think it was the salad.


Wednesday:
I decided to serve rice and found a recipe which said, "wash thoroughly before steaming the rice." So I heated some water and took a bath before steaming the rice. Sounded kinda silly in the middle of the day. I can't say it improved the rice anyhow.



Thursday:
Today Tim asked for salad again. I tried a new recipe.

It said, prepare ingredients,
then toss on a bed of lettuce one hour before serving." I hunted all over the place for a garden and when I got one, I tossed my salad into the bed of lettuce and stood over there for over one hour so the dog would not take it. Tim came over and asked if I felt all right.I wonder why? He must be stressed at work, I'll try to be supportive.



Friday:

Today I found an easy recipe for cookies. It said, "put all ingredients in a bowl and beat it." Beat it I did,to my mum's place. There must have been something wrong with the recipe, because when I came back home again, it looked the same as when I left it.



Saturday:
Tim went shopping today and brought home a chicken. He asked me to dress it for Sunday. I'm sure I don't know how hens dress for Sunday. I never noticed back on the farm, but I found an old doll dress and it's little cute shoes. I thought the hen looked really cute. When Tim saw it, he started counting to ten. Either he was really
stressed because of his work, or he wanted the chicken to dance.



When I asked him what was wrong he started crying and shouting out "why me? why me ?"



Hmmm....It must be his job.

30 QUALITIES FOR SUCCESS

30 QUALITIES FOR SUCCESS



1. Honesty,
2. Humor,
3. Friendliness,
4. Confidence,
5. Integrity,
6. Persistence,
7. Humility,
8. Goal Setter,
9. Decisive,
10. Hard Worker,
11. Learner,
12. Positive Mental Attitude,
13. Compassionate,
14. Disciplined,
15. Dedicated,
16. Faithful,
17. Dependable,
18. Knowledgeable,
19. Communicator,
20. Loving,
21. Motivated,
22. Patient,
23. Loyal,
24. Organized,
25. Good Listener,
26. Empathetic,
27. Self-Respect,
28. Common Sense,
29. Character
30. Enthusiastic,



Go ahead now !!!
Look yourself in the mirror and claim these qualities!
Do it for several weeks and you will notice a change in your life.

Friday, December 19, 2008

Useful questions

Q; With what name Jasmin is also known as?
Ans; Queen of summer.
_______________________

Q; Which bird has the weakest eyesight?
Ans; Kiwi.

_______________________

Q; What is EROS in Greek mythology?
Ans; God of Love.

_______________________

Q; Of what CNN is the abbreviation?
Ans; Cable News Network.
________________________

Household Tips

To remove the stain of Tomato
Apply boric powder on the stained cloth then little bit of surf or any detergent
Add a little bit of water on it and leave it for about 10_15 minutes then wash it .

To save red Pepper
Take 1kg of red pepper and add 2Tablespoon of salt in it and keep it in some airtight jar. It is saved for about a year.

To save arms from being black
Take coconut water and apply it on your arms almost daily.
OR
Apply the water of alovera on the arms.

For Headache
For headache apply cumin paste On the forehead.

Unpleasant smell of mouth
Add up a pinch of cumin powder in a glass of water and drink it.

YEATS’S ATTITUDE TO OLD AGE

YEATS’S ATTITUDE TO OLD AGE
One of Yeats’s concerns in his later poetry was old age and what it brought with it. Among other things, old age is seen as a symbol of the tyranny of time. At the same time rage against the limitations of age and society that is put upon an old man keep occurring again and again in his poetry.
One of Yeats’s personal poems, The Tower begins with these lines.
What shall I do with this absurdity?
O Heart, O troubled heart –this caricature.
Decrepit age that has been tied to me
As to a dog’s tail
A few stanzas later in the same poem Yeats asks the rhetorical question.
Did all old men and women, rich and poor,
Who trod upon these rocks or passed this door,
Whether in public or in secret rage
As I do now against old age?
The above lines from Yeats’s poems make it sufficiently clear that Yeats did detest old age. In the poem “The Tower” itself, he sees the fact of old age as a sort of battered kettle at the heel? In another poem, “Among School Children” , he sees himself as a comfortable kind of old scarecrow.
A powerful expression of Yeats’s anguish in the face of old age appears at the beginning of his famous poem “Sailing to Byzantium”.
That is no country for old men. The young
In one another’s arms, birds in the trees
Those dying generations—at their song.
In the next stanza he talks of the limited alternatives available to an old man, who, to Yeats is no more than a tattered coat upon a stick:
An aged man is but a paltry thing.
A tattered coat upon a stick. Unless,
Soul claps its hands and sing, and louder sing
For every tatter in its mortal dress,
Many other poems talk of old age. In the poem, The Spur, Yeats wonders why people object to his retaining lust and rage even in old age. After all, they have always been the motivating force behind his poetry. In the poem “The Wild Old Wicked Men” Yeats says:
But a coarse old man am I,
I choose the second-best,
I forger it all a while
Upon a woman’s breast.
“In An Acre of Grass” Yeats claims that despite old age, he has a right to experience the whole of life, to “pierce the clouds or shake the dead in their shrouds”. In the poem, Politics, he laments the loss of his youth.
Then there is the poem “A Man Young and Old” Yeats’s nostalgia for the of youth is expressed.
Another poem which has a very suggestive title and talks of old age is “Why Should Not Old Men Be Mad”.
Old age and what it brings with it are a recurring theme in Yeats’s poetry and they are responsible for some of the best and most poignant and passionate poetry that came for his pen.

Thursday, December 18, 2008

Ashaar

Khud usey bhoolney ka irada chahoon
Aour us sey, khud ko na bhoolney ka waada chahoon
Dil ki ye kesi khudsari hey k
Us sey bichroon to usey aour bhi ziada choon.
(EniTahir)
___________________

Socha tha ub k bichrey to phir na milen gey kabhi
Ub jo bichrey to aour bhi toot k chaha tum ko
(EniTahir)

Ashaar

Hum kisi ko be lous chahtey rahey
Wo fakt dunadari hi nibhatey rahey
Guzar gai umer to hua ehsas unhen bhi
K wo to hum hi ko toot ker chahtey rahey

(EniTahir)
___________________________________________

Duniya k ye rung dhung ye andaz esey hein kion
ye chahton k nafraton mein doobey saz esey hein kion
Khudara mein kesey samjoon iss jahan k raston ko
Terey ye piyar k raz bhi esey hein kion

(EniTahir)
_____________________________________________

BE GHARZ MUHABBAT

Be gharz muhabbat
esey Jesey caltey hi jao chaho na manzil
Chaho sub ko aour na ho fikre mahisil
Gar tum karo nafrat k khilaf sazishen
To hon gi muhabbat ki dilon mein barishen
Iss muhabbat sey tum dilon ki abyari kerna
Serab iss sey ye dunya nafrat ki sari kerna
Phool mehken chahton k har soo
Pheley jesey sooraj ki roshni char soo
Iss khushboo ko dilon mein basa ker
Iss roshni ko chehron per saja ker
Nikal paro muhabbaton k raston per
KHUDA tumharey sath ho ga kadam kadam per
Haan cahal paro aour na karo fikre ma hasil
K muhabbton k rastey nahi hein hasool-e-lahasil
(EniTahir)

Sayings of great People

You dont love a woman
Because she is beatiful,
But she is beatiful
because you love her
(Anon)

No Bird Sours So High
If He Sours With His Own Wings
(William Blake)

Success usually comes to those
who are too busy to be looking for it.
(Henery David Thoren)

Sayings of great People

Sayings of great People
* If ever a day should go by where I don’t say love you, may never a moment go by without you knowing that I do
(Judy Garland)

* Enjoy your life today because yesterday had gone and tomorrow may never come
(Paul Gauguin)
*I shut my eyes
in order to see
(Paul Gauguin)
* Some people come into our lives and quickly go
Some stay for a while and leave foot points on our hearts
And we are never ever the same
( Henery David Thoren)

DOSTI (an urdu poem)

Zindagi beet gai lekin
Aj bhi dhoond rahi hoon
Kia koi mera bhi hey
is dunya mein k
Jis k liye zindagi ka
Dhong ker rahi hoon
Agar sochoon to
Zuban per ek hi nam aey
K ye jo safar zindagi ka hey
Is mein lafani rishta
Dosti ka hey
Dost jahan kaheen bhi hon
Unki roohen sath rehti hein
Dard ek ko ho to
Dono tarap jati hein
Kionkey roohen sath rehti hein
Haan roohen sath rehti hein.
(EniTahir)

Urdu Ashaar

Too mujhey bhool jaey khuda na krey
Terey dil main merey siwa koi dost saja na krey
main wo marze daimi banoon terey liye
K jis sey chutkarey ki too kabhi dua na krey
(EniTahir)

KHUDA KREY

Khuda krey tum jahan raho
Chehakti hui aour khush raho
Milen na tumhen gham kabhi bhi
Khushian na paren kum kabhi bhi
Bun k chand chamko Zindagi k asman per
Is ki roshni sada rahey tumharey jahan per
Kadam tumharey choomti rahen kamyabiyan
Trakki ki rahon ki hon tumharey hath chabiyan
Doosron ki zindagi ko khushion sey mehkao her pal
Meri yad ko KHUDA tum sey na kabhi juda krey
Dunya bhool jao na mujhey pao KHUDA krey
(EniTahir)

W.B.YEATS: A Modern Poet

W.B.YEATS: A Modern Poet
W.B.Yeats is a unique poet as he is a traditional as well as modern poet at the same time. T.S. Eliot once said, “Certainly, for the younger poets of England and America, I am sure that their admiration for Yeats’s poetry has been wholly good”. But though Yeats was traditional in his views and very Irish in his outlook, he was a modern poet all the same. Although he started his career as a reflection of the romantics and the Pre-Raphaelites, he very soon evolved into a genuine modern poet. Thus, Yeats is a poet who is both traditional and modern.
The early poetry of W.B Yeats is not realistic. Even in his later poems, despite diction Yeats is till not free from the spell of the fairies, ghosts, magic and the mysterious world. He is indeed the last romantic. But the poetry in specially the last two phases is very realistic.
The pessimistic note is the hallmark of modern poetry; Yeats’s poetry, like that of Eliot and some of the other modern poets is marked with pessimism and disillusionment. To A shade, When Helen Lived, and The Byzantium poems reflects this mood. The last two lines from the poem To A Shade will illustrate this:
You had enough of sorrow before death
Away, away; you are safer in the tomb.
Although the modern age is essentially a scientific age, yet modern poetry has traces of mysticism and religion in it. Yeats is perhaps the one modern poet who built up a system of thought based on the occult and mystic religion and whose poetry was the direct outcome of it. The last poems of Yeats are steeped in mysticism. A dialogue of Self and Soul is in a way a debate between ‘Atma’ and ‘Maya’.
Modern poetry has often been described as being very complex and obscure, and it is not at all surprising that Yeats’s poems have been dubbed as some of the most obscure and complex poems. Yeats’s adoption of poetic person or ‘Mask’ made his poems difficult to understand. But what made his poems (and even his plays) very complex and obscure is the ‘system of symbolism’ which he had built up in A Vision.
Yeats may be regarded as a link between the decadent aestheticism of the nineties and a new realism of the modern age. The romanticism, the mythology and the vague music of his early work are no longer to be found in his later poems.
The Nobel Prize for literature given to Yeats in 1923 confirmed him as a great modern poet.

Wednesday, December 17, 2008

MERI MAAN

MERI MAAN

Ajeeb tha tera pyar bhi…
Dant bhi aour maar bhi…
Kabhi to srapa maseeha lagey
Aour thi dost ki tarah ghumgusar bhi
Uljhaney barhin jo kabhi meri to….
Ley gai meri nayya ko wo par bhi..
Tanha jo kabhi main hui to…..
Diya mujhey tu ney MAAN ka pyar bhi
Aj bhi mujhey chahiye ………………
Tera man bhi tera dulaar bhi…..
AJEEB THA TERA PIYAR BHI
DANT BHI AOUR MAR BHI

KASH K ESA HUA KREY

KASH K ESA HUA KREY
MAIN SUB K LIYE
DUA KROON
AOUR
MEREY LIYE
SIRF TU
DUA KIA KREY

(EniTahir)

W.B.YEATS

YEATS’S THEORY OF POETRY
Yeats’s theory of poetry is of great importance for a full understanding of his own poems. In the early stage of his poetic career he believed in the theory of “art for life’s sake”. He was in full agreement with his father that dramatic poetry was to be preferred because it was clear and sharp in outline, while the lyric was vague and blurred. However his genius was lyrical and it penetrates even his dreams which are essentially lyrical.
But in the nineties he became the advocate of “art for art’s sake.”He started to write “pure poetry”, a poetry from which all the exterior decorations had been done away with. In the last phase of his poetry Yeats tried to reconcile art with life. In his later poetry we get a nice fusion. Yeasts believed that “literature is always personal, always one man’s vision of the world, one man’s experiences”. But he also believed that there must be a fusion of the impersonal with the personal, of the objective with the subjective before really great poetry could be born. A poet to him was essentially a visionary who must remain true to his vision. Poetry to him was “the commonsense of the soul: it distinguishes greatness from triviality, mere fancifulness from beauty that lights up the deeps of thought”.

Three Women In W.B Yeats’s Life.

Three Women In W.B Yeats’s Life.
William Butler Yeats was born near Dublin in 1805; his childhood was spent mainly in London.
It is important to know a little about the three women in Yeats’s life.
Maud Gonne a beautiful but strong-minded girl with whom he fell in love and remained in love for many year (she appears often in his poetry, even in later years when he is offended by her intellectual and political arrogance, which he saw as unwomanly); Lady Gregory, an aristocratic patron of the arts, who collaborated with Yeats on Abbey Theatre in Dublin and other projects; and His Wife, whom he married when he was fifty-two and who brought a fulfillment and stability into his work which it had previously lacked.

Tuesday, December 16, 2008

Database Normalization Basics

Database Normalization Basics

If you've been working with databases for a while, chances are you've heard the term normalization. Perhaps someone's asked you "Is that database normalized?" or "Is that in BCNF?" All too often, the reply is "Uh, yeah." Normalization is often brushed aside as a luxury that only academics have time for. However, knowing the principles of normalization and applying them to your daily database design tasks really isn't all that complicated and it could drastically improve the performance of your DBMS.
In this article, we'll introduce the concept of normalization and take a brief look at the most common normal forms. Future articles will provide in-depth explorations of the normalization process.
So, what is normalization? Basically, it's the process of efficiently organizing data in a database. There are two goals of the normalization process: eliminate redundant data (for example, storing the same data in more than one table) and ensure data dependencies make sense (only storing related data in a table). Both of these are worthy goals as they reduce the amount of space a database consumes and ensure that data is logically stored.
The database community has developed a series of guidelines for ensuring that databases are normalized. These are referred to as normal forms and are numbered from one (the lowest form of normalization, referred to as first normal form or 1NF) through five (fifth normal form or 5NF). In practical applications, you'll often see 1NF, 2NF, and 3NF along with the occasional 4NF. Fifth normal form is very rarely seen and won't be discussed in this article.
Before we begin our discussion of the normal forms, it's important to point out that they are guidelines and guidelines only. Occasionally, it becomes necessary to stray from them to meet practical business requirements. However, when variations take place, it's extremely important to evaluate any possible ramifications they could have on your system and account for possible inconsistencies. That said, let's explore the normal forms.
First normal form (1NF) sets the very basic rules for an organized database:
• Eliminate duplicative columns from the same table.
• Create separate tables for each group of related data and identify each row with a unique column or set of columns (the primary key).
Second normal form (2NF) further addresses the concept of removing duplicative data:
• Remove subsets of data that apply to multiple rows of a table and place them in separate tables.
• Create relationships between these new tables and their predecessors through the use of foreign keys.
Third normal form (3NF) goes one large step further:
• Remove columns that are not dependent upon the primary key.
Finally, fourth normal form (4NF) has one requirement:
• A relation is in 4NF if it has no multi-valued dependencies.
Remember, these normalization guidelines are cumulative. For a database to be in 2NF, it must first fulfill all the criteria of a 1NF database.

Saturday, December 13, 2008

Urdu Poem: Kiya ISHQ mujh hi say kertay ho

Kiya ISHQ mujh hi say kertay ho?

Bay baat bigartay rehtay ho
Bay chain hamesha rehtay ho
Yeh sab nishani ISHQ ki hai
Kiya ISHQ kisi say kertay ho?
Ratoon ko jagtay rehtay ho
Aur taray bhi tum gintay ho
Yeh sab nishani ISHQ ki hai
Kiya ISHQ kisi say kertay ho?
Zikr jo mera chalta hai
Chehray ka rang badalta hai
Bay chain say tum ho jatay ho
Kiya ISHQ mujh hi say kertay ho?


Urdu Poem: Kiya ISHQ mujh hi say kertay ho

Kiya ISHQ mujh hi say kertay ho?

Bay baat bigartay rehtay ho
Bay chain hamesha rehtay ho
Yeh sab nishani ISHQ ki hai
Kiya ISHQ kisi say kertay ho?
Ratoon ko jagtay rehtay ho
Aur taray bhi tum gintay ho
Yeh sab nishani ISHQ ki hai
Kiya ISHQ kisi say kertay ho?
Zikr jo mera chalta hai
Chehray ka rang badalta hai
Bay chain say tum ho jatay ho
Kiya ISHQ mujh hi say kertay ho?

Urdu Poetry: Ashaar

Dost Jaisi Kabhi Dushmann Kee Tarah Lagti Hai
Zindgi Bhee Kissi Uljhan Kee Tarah Lagti Hai

Aik Lamhay Main Mairay Mann Ko Bhigo Daiti Hai
Uss Kee Her Baat Hee Sawan Kee Tarah Lagti Hai

Tu Bhee Ulfat Ke TakazooN ko Nahin Samjhi Hai
Tairi Uljhan Mairi Uljhan Kee Tarah Lagti Hai

____________________________________________________________________

chalo ham hii pehal kar dein ke ham se bad guman kyoun ho?
koi rishta zara si zid ki khatir raigaan kyoun ho?

sawaal aakhir ye ek din dekhna ham hi uthaeinge
na ho jisko zameen ka gham woh apna aasman kyoun ho?

mein zinda hoon to is zinda zameeeri ki badaulat hii
jo bole tere lehje me bhala meri zabaan kyoun ho?

hamari guftugu ki aur bhi simtein bohot sii hein
kisi ka dil dukhaane hii ko phir apni zabaan kyoun ho?

bikhar kar reh gaya hamse piyar ka khwaab hii warna
diye is ghar me roshan hon to us ghar me dhuwan kyoun ho?


___________________________________________________________________

Aur jab mein
bzahir mar jawo.n to tum mat rona
meray woh khat
nikalna parna aur muskra dena
aur
ager mujhay dekhnay ko dil chahay
to
apnay dil mein jank lena
yaqeen karo jana
mein jab tak tumharey dil mein hoon
kabhi mar nahi.n sakta
____________________________________________________________________

main tu mehdood se lemhao main meli thi usey
pher bhe wo kitani wazehat se mujhe soochata hai
main tu mer jaoo ager soochanay leg jaoo us ko
aur wo kitani saholet se mujhe soochata hai
agercha ab terk-a-marasem ko bohet der hui
ab bhe wo meri ajazet se mujhe soochta hai
kitana khush feham hai wo shakes ka her musam main
aik naeha rukh se mujhe soochata hai

____________________________________________________________________
Abhi to ishq mein aisa haal bhi hona hai
kay ashk rokna tum say muhal hona hai
har aik lab pay hain meri wafa kay afsanay
teray sitam ko abhi lazaval hona hai
baja key khaar hain lakin bahar ki rut mein
yeh tay hai key hemay bhi nehal hona hai
tumhai.n khabar hi nahin tum to lot jawo ghay
tumharey hijer mein lamha bhi saal hona hai
hamari rooh mein jab bhi azab utrai.n ghey
tumhari yaad ko is dil ki dahal hona hai
kabhi to roye gha woh kisi ki bahoo.n mein
kabhi to is ki hansi ko zaval hona hai
milai.n ghi tum ko bhi apney naseeb ki khushia.n
bus intezar hai kab yeh kamal hona hai
har ik shaksh chalay gha hamari rahoo.n par
muhabatoo.n mein hamei.n woh misaal hona hai
zamana jis key pech-o-khum mein ulaj jaye
hamari zaat ko aisa sawal hona hai
saqib yaqeen hai mujh ko woh lot aiye gha
isay bhi apnay kiay ka malal hona hai

___________________________________________________________________

wo kuch sunta tu main kehta mujhe kuch aur kehana tha
wo jo pal bar ko ruk jata mujhe kuch aur kehana tha
ghalt femhai nay bara dala yahohi warna
kia kuch tha wo kuch sumjha mujhe kuch aur kehana tha
kameyi zindagi bar ki us ka naam kyun ker dei
mujhe kuch aur kerna tha mujhe kuch aur kehana tha
kehan us na suni meri suni bhi unsuni ker de
usey malom tha itana mujhe kuch aur kehana tha
mera dil main dar aeya koi mujhe main daar aeya
wahen hi mera rabita tota mujhe kuch aur kehana tha
rawa tha pyar nas nas main qurbit thi aepass main
usey kuch aur sunana tha mujhe kuch aur kehana tha
___________________________________________________________________

Urdu Poem: ZameeN Thee Mairi Mager Aasmaan Us ka Tha

ZameeN Thee Mairi Mager Aasmaan Us ka Tha
Issi Liya Mujhay Khud Per Gumaan Us ka Tha

Main Ab Jo Dhoop Main Jalta HooN Ussi ka hai Karam
Main Jis kee ChaooN main Tha Saibaan Us ka Tha

Woh Jis K Waastay Lerta Raha Tha Main Sab Se
Mairay Khilaaf Hee Her Ik Biyaan Us ka Tha

Woh Jis ne Mujh ko Hamesha Hee Dala Mushkil Main
Yeh Pehli Baar Tha K ImtehaaN Us ka Tha

"Tum Mairi Jaan ho" Yeh Bhee Ussi ka Kehna Tha
"Tum Zakhm-i-Jaan ho" Yeh Bhee Biyaan Us ka Tha

Jo Roshni Ka Mukhalif Tha Sheher main Aatif
Tamam Sheher Se Roshan Makaan Us ka Tha

Urdu Poem: Jab raat ki naagin dasti hai

Jab raat ki naagin dasti hai
Nass nass main zehar utarta hai

Jab chand ki kirnain taizi say
Iss dill ko cheer kay aati hain
Jab aankh kay andarr hi aansoo
Zanjeeron main bandh jaatay hain

Sab jazbon parr chaa jaatay ho
Tab yaad bohat tum aatay ho

Jab dard ki jhanjharr bajti hai
Jab raqs ghamon ka hota hai

Khuwabon ki taal pay saaray dukh
Wehshat kay saaz bajatay hain
Gaatay hain khuwahish ki lae main
Masti main jhoomtay jaatay hain
Sab jazbon parr chaa jaatay hain
Tab yaad bohat tum aatay ho

Auditory Perfection Activities

The ability to listen involves a complex process known as “auditory perception,” and includes 1) discrimination, 2) reception, 3) memory, 4) comprehensions and 5) closure. If a child’s listening skills need improvement in any of these areas, his or her overall capabilities may be affected. The following suggestions provide a sequence of skills from easy to complex) in each area of auditory perception. Working your way through these sequences will help you to spot areas that may benefit from special attention.

DISCRIMINATION

· Localizes direction of sound

· Identifies familiar voices

· Discriminates environmental sounds

· Discriminates between animal sounds

· Attends to a specific sound in a noisy environment

· Identifies familiar voices other than family members

· Identifies pair of sounds as the same or different

· Distinguishes between rhyming words

· Discriminates the position of sound in words

Auditory Perfection Activities

The ability to listen involves a complex process known as “auditory perception,” and includes 1) discrimination, 2) reception, 3) memory, 4) comprehensions and 5) closure. If a child’s listening skills need improvement in any of these areas, his or her overall capabilities may be affected. The following suggestions provide a sequence of skills from easy to complex) in each area of auditory perception. Working your way through these sequences will help you to spot areas that may benefit from special attention.

DISCRIMINATION

· Localizes direction of sound

· Identifies familiar voices

· Discriminates environmental sounds

· Discriminates between animal sounds

· Attends to a specific sound in a noisy environment

· Identifies familiar voices other than family members

· Identifies pair of sounds as the same or different

· Distinguishes between rhyming words

· Discriminates the position of sound in words